Mathematical Modeling of the Ejected Droplet Size Distribution in the Vicinity of a Gas–Liquid Impingement Zone

Abstract The controlled splashing of metal droplets plays a decisive role in the kinetics basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process. In this work, mathematical model was developed for predicting size distribution spherical ejected at an impingement zone. Harmonic oscillators are used to describe ejection sites, and upper limit droplet population is calculated through force balance. validated against literature data from high-temperature crucible experiments involving different supply pressures lance heights as well both single-hole multihole lances. predicted found be good agreement with distributions measured outside crucible. also applied parameters Rosin–Rammler–Sperling (RRS) function. computationally light suitable part offline online simulation tools BOF